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GRE机考突破

ingenious    [In5dVi:nIEs]  adj. 聪明的,有独创性的(marked by originality, resourcefulness, and
cleverness in conception or execution)
(类)ingenious ◆ awkward   机灵的 ◆ 笨拙的
ingenious ◆ prosaic   有独创性的 ◆ 平凡的
(同)adroit, canny, cunning, dexterous

ingenuous  [In5dVenjJEs]  adj.直率的,单纯的(showing innocent simplicity and candidness)
(类)ingenuous·dissemble=raffish·preen=polite·snub
直率的·掩饰=粗俗的·打扮=礼貌的·怠慢(事物及其反面特征)
fabricate·ingenuous =discompose·placid   捏造·直率的=使不安·平息的(反面特征)
ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive  逢迎的·使喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗(目的)
pernicious·injure=disingenuous·mislead   有害的·伤害=虚伪的·欺骗(正面特征)
ingenue·sophistication=cynic·trustfulness阅历不深者·老练=悲愤嫉俗者·信赖(反特)
(反)ingenuous ◆ cunning/ sly/ hypocritical   直率的 ◆ 狡猾的/ 狡猾的/ 伪善的
disingenuousness ◆ guilelessness   无诚意 ◆ 坦诚
(记)ingenious和ingenuous 区别在中间的 i和 u 联想:i 聪明,you 单纯
(同)naturalL,artless,naive, unaffected, unsophisticated
ingest    [in5dVest]  vt. 摄取,咽下,吸收(to take in for or as if for digestion)
(反)ingest ◆ expel   摄取 ◆ 排出

ingrained    [In5^reInd]  adj. 根深蒂固的(to work indelibly into the natural texture)
(反)ingrained ◆ easily to change/ extrinsic   根深蒂固的 ◆ 易于改变/外表的
(记)in+grain(木头的纹理)+ed入木三分-根深蒂固的
(同)congenital, constitutional, inbred, indwelling, innate

ingrate    [in5^reit]  n. 忘恩负义者(an ungrateful person)adj. 不知恩的,忘恩的
(反)ingrate  ◆ thankful person   忘恩负义者 ◆ 感恩的人
(记)in(不)+ grate感激→不感激的→忘恩负义  参考:grateful感激的,感谢的

ingratiating         [In`^reIFIeItIN]  adj. 讨人喜欢的(agreeable)逢迎的,讨人欢心的
(类)ingratiating·win favor=disingenuous·deceive  迷人的·赢得喜欢=虚伪的·欺骗(正面特征)
(记)in+grati(感激)+ate使(观众等)感激;联想:讨人喜欢的作品或演员让读者和观众感激。
(同)deferential, ingratiatory, insinuating
(例)Reading requires an effort…Print is not as ingratiating as television
阅读是要费劲的…印刷品终究不如电视那么讨人喜欢
inherent    [In5hIErEnt]  adj. 固有的, 内在的(belonging by nature or habit)
(反)extrinsic ◆ inherent   外在的 ◆ 内在的
(同)congenital, essential, inborn, ingrained, innate, intrinsic

inimical   [I5nImIkEl] adj.敌意的(having the disposition of an enemy)
(反)inimical ◆ friendly/amiable/amicable/amenable   敌意的 ◆ 友好的/亲切的/友善的/服从的
(记)inimi(=enemy敌人)+cal        →敌意的
(同)hostile, inimicable, unfriendly

inimitable   [I5nImItEbl]  adj. 无法模仿的,独特的(not capable of being imitated)
(类)indubitable·question=inimitable·copy   不容置疑的·怀疑=无法模仿的·模仿
(反)inimitable ◆ commonplace/ordinary   独特的 ◆ 平凡的
(记)in(不能)+imitable(模仿的)
iniquity    [I5nIkw(E)tI]  n. 邪恶,不公正(gross injustice)
(反)iniquity ◆ rectitude/disinterestedness   不公正 ◆ 公正
(同)evil, crime sin, tort

initiate  [i5niFieit]  vt. 开始,发动,传授(to cause or facilitate the beginning of)
(类)catalysis·initiate=supervisor·oversight   催化剂·发动=管理者·小心照顾
eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征)
(反)initiate ◆ follow up   开始 ◆ 跟随
inveterate ◆ uninitiated   熟练的 ◆ 无经验的

inkling          [5INklIN]  n. 略知,模糊概念(a slight knowledge or vague notion)
(类)inkling·indication=lapse·error   略知·知识=小错误·错误 (少与正常)
inkling·knowledge=modicum·quantity   略知·知识=小量·量 (少与正常)
(记)ink(墨水)+ling淡的墨水印记-略知
(同)clue, indication, notion
(例)had not the faintest inkling of what it was all about
innocuous   [I5nRkjJEs]  adj.(行为,言论等)无害的(not likely to give offense)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous=venom·toxious
安慰剂·无害的=油膏·油质的=毒液·有毒的(事物典型特征)
(反)innocuous ◆ injurious/noxious   无害的 ◆ 有害的
(记)in(没有)+nocuous(有毒的)参考:noxious有害的
(同)blameless, guiltless, inculpable, irreproachable

innovation   [InE5veIFEn]  n. 改革,创新(the introduction of something new)
(类)contumaciou·authority=reactionary·innovation 顽固的反对权威=反动的反对革新
(同)change, mutation, novelty, permutation

inquisitive  [in5kwizitiv]  adj. 过分好奇的(improperly curious about the affairs of others)
(类)inquisitive·curious=painful·agonizing  
好奇的·过分好奇的=疼痛的·疼痛难忍的(程度)

insight    [InsaIt]  n. 洞察力(the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;penetration)
(类)insight· discern=mettle· endure   洞察力·洞悉=毅力·忍耐 (正面特征)  
     【注】mettle :staying quality : STAMINA毅力,持久力(还有勇气的意思)
insight· discerning=deadpan·impassive   洞察力·洞悉=无表情·消极(正面特征)  
(记)in(加强)+sight(视力)
insipid  [In5sIpId]  adj. 平淡的(lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate);难吃的
(类)insipid·invention=prosaic·imagination  平淡的·创造=平淡的·想象力(缺乏关系)
(反)insipid ◆ piquant  难吃的 ◆ 开胃的
(记)in+sip(吸吮)+id →没法吸(吃)的→平淡,难吃的
(同)vapid, flat, jejune, banal, inane ,arid, tedious, uninteresting
(例)an insipid romance with platitudes on every page

insolent  [5InsElEnt]  adj. 粗野的,无礼的(exhibiting boldness or effrontery)
(类)insolently·veneration=perfunctorily·inspiration
无礼地不会让人尊敬=例行公事地不会激发灵感
【注】perfunctory :characterized by routine or superficiality:MECHANICAL
例行公事的,机械的,敷衍的  如:a perfunctory smile一个敷衍的笑
(反)insolent ◆ polite/courteous   无礼的 ◆ 有礼貌的
insolent ◆ respectful   粗野的 ◆ 恭敬的,有礼貌的
(例)an insolent child with no respect or regard for anyone
insouciant  [In5su:sIEnt]  adj. 无忧无虑的(lighthearted unconcern)
(类)tenacious·yield=insouciant·worry   不屈不挠的·屈服=无忧无虑的·担忧
(同)carefree, lighthearted, lightsome
(记)in+souci(= solicit恳求)+ant→万事不求人→无忧无虑的

instate  [In`steIt]  vt. 任命(to set or establish in a rank or office)
(反)instate ◆ oust   任命 ◆ 剥夺
(记)in(进入)+state(政府)进入政府任职→任命
(同)inaugurate, induct, install, invest

instigate  [5InstI^eIt] vt. 教唆,怂恿,煽动(to goad or urge forward)
(类)instigator·incite=bully·browbeat   煽动者· 煽动=欺凌弱小者·欺凌(人物及其动作)
(反)quell ◆ foment/ instigate/ rouse   镇压 ◆ 煽动/ 教唆 /煽动
(同)abet, foment, provoke
instill  [In5stIl]  v. 滴注,慢慢地灌输(to impart gradually)
(反)instill ◆ drain away   慢慢地灌输 ◆ 渐渐枯竭
instill ◆ remove   慢慢地灌输 ◆ 移开
(记)in(进入)+still=(drop 滴)→一滴一滴的进入 参考:distill 蒸馏
(同)inculcate, infix, inseminate

institute         [5InstEtu:t]  n. 学院 vt. 创立,开始,制定(to originate and get established)
(反)institute ◆ abrogate / rescind / efface   创立 ◆  废除
(记)最著名的是MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
(同)constitute, create, establish, organize

instrumentalist   [InstrE5mentElIst]  n. 乐器演奏家
(类)instrumentalist·orchestra=actor·troupe   乐器演奏家·管弦乐队=演员·剧团 
instrumentalist·symphony=dancer·ballet   乐器演奏家·交响乐=舞蹈家·芭蕾舞
(记)instrumenta+list
insubordinate  [InsE5bC:dInEt]  adj.不服从的,反抗的(disobedient to authority)
(类)insubordinate·submissive=capricious·deliberate不顺从的·顺从的=易冲动的·深思熟虑的
【注】capricious:characterized by or subject to whim;impulsive and unpredictable
(反)tractable ◆ insubordinate/ intransigent/ incorrigible/ obstinate
易于管教的 ◆ 反抗的/ 不妥协的/ 顽固的/ 倔强的
(同)contumacious, insurgent, rebellious, seditious
(记)in(不)+subordinate(服从)不服从的→反抗的

insular  [5InsElEr]  adj. 岛的,孤立的,岛特有的
(反)insular ◆ cosmopolitan   孤立的 ◆ 世界性的
insularity ◆ cosmopolitanism   岛国性质 ◆ 世界大同主义
(同)parochial, provincial, sectarian

insulate  [5InsElet]  v. 使绝缘,使隔离(to place in a detached situation)
(反)insulate ◆ expose   使隔离 ◆ 暴露
(记)insul(词根:岛)+ate 使成为岛,隔离
(同)isolate, island, separate, sequester
insurgent  [In5s\:dVEnt]  adj. 叛乱的,起事的n. 叛乱分子
(类)insurgent·rebel=incendiary·agitate   叛乱分子·叛乱=煽动者·煽动 (人及其正面动作)
rebelliousness·insurgent=parsimony·miser   叛乱的·叛乱分子=吝啬·吝啬鬼(正面)
(记)in(加强)+surge(=rise升起)→叛乱 参考:insurrection  n. 造反;surgent 汹涌的

intangible   [In5tAndVIbl]  adj. 难以明了的,无形的(incapable of being perceived by the senses)
(类)impracticable·effected=intangible·known不可行的·有效的=难以明了的·知道的 (反义)
(反)corporeal ◆ intangible   有形的 ◆ 无形的
(记)in(不能)+tangible(触摸的)不可触摸的引申为无形的,难以明了的
(同)impalpable, imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, invisible

integral   [5IntI^rl] adj. 完整的,应有的(essential to completeness)
(反)integral ◆ superfluous /redundant   完整的 ◆ 多余的
(记)动词形式是integrate数学上这是积分的意思
(同)whole, complete, entire, full, perfect

integrity  [In5te^rItI]  n. 正直,诚实,完整(the quality or state of being complete or undivided)
(类)entire·integrity =ecumenical·generality=genuine·authenticity
完整的·完整=一般的·一般性=真实的·真实性(形名同义)
(反)taint ◆ integrity / wholesomeness   污点 ◆ 正直/健康
integrity ◆ incompleteness   完整 ◆ 不完全
(记)和integrate(使成为整体)
(同)honesty, honestness, honor, incorruption
intelligible  [In5telIdVIb(E)l]  adj. 可理解的,易理解的(capable of being understood)
(类)garble·unintelligible=correct·accurate  正确·精确=混淆·难解的(正面特征)
(记)注意和intelligent(聪明的)区别
(同)apprehensible, comprehendible, graspable, lucid, luminous

intemperate   [In5tempErEt]  adj. 无节制的,放纵的(not temperate especially)
(反)intemperate ◆ equable/ constrained   放纵的 ◆ 平静的/ 受约束的
(记)in(无)+temperate(有节制的)
(同)excessive, inordinate, unrestrained, untempered

intensify   [In5tensIfaI]  vi. 加强(to make intense or more intensive)
(类)abate·intensity=taper·width   减轻·强度=逐渐变细·宽度(减轻关系)
alleviate·intensity=abate·tax   减轻·强度=降低·税 (动宾)
moderate·intensity=extenuate·seriousness   缓和·强度=减轻·严重性(动宾)
(反)intensify  ◆  abate/ assuage/ attenuate   加强 ◆  减轻/ 减缓/ 削弱
(同)aggravate, enhance, intensate, magnify, rise
inter   [In5t\:(r)]  vt. 埋葬(to deposit(a dead body)in the earth or in a tomb)
(类)inter·burial=obliterate·removal   埋葬·葬礼=擦去·移动(事件及其关联动作)
(记)意大利绿荫豪门国际米兰  

intercede   [IntE5si:d]  vi. 仲裁,调解(to intervene between parties to reconciling differences)
(类)intercessor·mediate=translator·interpret/ augur·prediction
仲裁者·调解=翻译·解释/ 占卜者·预言(人物及其本征动作)
(记)inter(中间)+cede(放弃)在中间让双方放弃各自的立场,调解
(同)interfere, intermediate, intervene, mediate

interdict   [intE5dikt]  v. 阻断,禁止(to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner)
(反)interdict ◆ authorize   禁止 ◆ 批准
(记)inter(在中间)+dict(说)

interim   [`IntErIm]  n. 中间时期,过渡时期,暂定(an intervening time)adj. 暂时的
(类)respite·labor=interim·concert  {mediate·confliction}   间歇·劳动=中间间隔·音乐会
(反)interim ◆ permanent   暂时的 ◆ 永恒
(同)forbid, enjoin, inhibit, prohibit

interlock   [IntE5lRk]  adj. 联锁的(to become locked together or interconnected)
(反)interlocking ◆ independent   联锁的 ◆ 独立
(记)inter+lock(锁)
interminable   [in5tE:minEbl]  adj. 无尽头的(having or seeming to have no end)
(类)innumerable·number=interminable·duration
无尽的·数目·无限的·持续时间 (形容词修饰名词)
interminable·lengthy =boundless·extensive  无限的·冗长的=无限的·宽广的(程度)
countless/ innumerable/ myriad/ untold·number=everlasting/ interminable·duration
无尽的/ 无数的/ 无数的/ 无法说出的·数量=永恒/ 无尽的·持续时间 (事物的反面特征)
(记)in(无)+terminable(可终止的)不可终止的-无尽头的

intermittent   [IntE5mItEnt]  adj. 断断续续的,间歇的(coming and going at intervals)
(反)intermittent ◆ constant   间歇的 ◆ 持续的
(记)和interminable(无尽的)一起记忆
(同)isochronal, periodic, recurrent
(例)they predict intermittent rain throughout the day

interregnum  [ 7intE(:)5re^nEm]  n. 过渡期政府或统治(a period during which the normal functions of
government or control are suspended)
(类)interregnum·government=hibernation·activity过渡期政府没有政府=冬眠停止活动
interrogate   [In5terE^eIt]  vt. 质问,讯问,审问(to question formally and systematically)
(类)inquiry·interrogatory =confidence·arrogant   调查·质问=自信·傲慢(程度)
question·interrogative=order·imperative   提问·质问=命令·强制的命令(程度)
(记)inter(在内部)+rog(问)+ate在内部问-审讯,质问

intimate  [5IntImEt]  adj. 亲密的 n. 密友(a friend or confidant)
(类)clique·intimates=flock·sheep   朋党集团·密友=一群·羊(组成关系)
intimate·close= engrossed·absorbed =obsessed·attracted  
亲密的:紧密的=全神贯注的:入神的=着迷的:吸引的(程度)
(同)friend, acquaintance, confidant, familiar

intimate  [5IntImEt]  vt. 宣布,明白表示(to make known especially publicly or formally)
(类)intimate·communicate=allude·refer   宣布·通信=暗指·提及(行为及其特殊方式)
(同)connote, hint, imply, insinuate

intimidate  [in5timideit]  vt. 威胁,胁迫(to make timid or fearful)
(类)dauntless·intimidate=irrepressible·restrain   无畏的难以胁迫=无法抑制的难以抑制
bully·intimidate=stupid·gullibility   欺凌弱小者威吓别人=笨人轻信别人
sabotage·subvertness=bull·intimidation   阴谋破坏目的是颠覆=暴力强迫目的是胁迫
cowardice·intimidate=choler·antagonize   懦弱者容易被胁迫=易怒者容易招致敌对
(同)browbeat, bully, cow, hector, terrorize
(例)intimidated by so many other bright freshmen 被这么多聪明的年轻人所威胁
(记)timid 本身是一个词;胆小的,羞怯的
intransigent  [in5trAnsidVEnt] adj.不妥协的,固执的(refusing to compromise or to abandon an
extreme position or attitude;irreconcilable)
(类)intransigent·acquiesce=deferential·offend   不妥协的不会勉强同意=恭敬的不会冒犯
(反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise   固执的 ◆ 妥协的  
intransigent ◆ pliant/tractable   固执的 ◆ 柔顺的/容易驾驭的
(同)obstinate, incompliant, intractable, pertinacious, tough, stubborn, willful, unpliable, unyielding

intrepid  [in5trepid]  adj. 无畏的,刚毅的(characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and
endurance)
(类)genteel·vulgarity=intrepid·fear   优雅的·粗俗=无畏的·害怕 (反义)
intrepid·deter=rapt·distract   无畏难以威慑=全神贯注难以分心
(反)intrepid  ◆ apprehensive   无畏的 ◆ 忧惧的
(记)trep (害怕)参考:trepidation 害怕,颤抖

intrigue  [5intri:^]  vt. 激起…的兴趣, 用诡计取得 (to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of)
(类)interesting·intriguing=bootless·futile   有趣的·有趣的=无用的·无用的(同义)
(反)pall ◆ interest/intrigue   厌倦 ◆ 兴趣
(记)trigue=trigger (扳机,引起)引申为“引起兴趣”。
intrinsic  [in5trinsik]  adj. 固有的,内在的(the essential nature or constitution of a thing)
(反)intrinsic  ◆  extraneous   内在的 ◆ 无关的

intuitive  [7intju5itiv]  n. 直觉的(known or perceived by intuition · directly apprehended)
(反)extraneous ◆ intuitive   外来的 ◆ 直觉的
【注:直觉的认知由自身得来,而外来的认知由外部得来 extraneous:inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand;existing on or coming from the outside】
(例) had an intuitive awareness of his sister's feelings

inundate  [5inEndeit]  v. 淹没(to cover with a flood:overflow;overwhelm)   
(反)inundate ◆ drain   淹没 ◆ 排干
(同)deluge, engulf, overflow, overwhelm, submerge, swamp, whelm
(记)unda(=wave波浪)→在波浪之中→淹没 参考:undulate  v. 波动,起伏

inure  [i5njuE]  vt. 使习惯(to accustom to accept something undesirable)  
(类)inured·tolerance=addicted·dependency   
习惯的·耐性=上瘾的·依赖性(前者有后者特征)
(同)accustom, familiarize, habituate, wont
invective  [in5vektiv]  n. 谩骂(insulting or abusive language)adj. 谩骂的
(类)exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit   劝告·促进=谩骂·使丢脸(目的)
polemic·disputatious=invective·abusive 争论的·争论的=谩骂的·谩骂的(同义)
(反)invective ◆ flatter   谩骂 ◆ 奉承
invective ◆ laudatory speech/ laudatory words   谩骂 ◆ 赞美之词
(同)abusive, contumelious, opprobrious, scurrile

inveigh  [in5vei]  vi. 痛骂,漫骂,臭骂(to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently:rail)
(反)inveigh ◆ verbally provide support   漫骂 ◆ 口头支持
(同)inveigh against =object, except, expostulate, kick, protest, remonstrate

inveigle  [in5vei^l]  v. 诱骗,诱使 (to win over by wiles:entice;to acquire by ingenuity or flattery)
(类)plot·plan=inveigle·interest  密谋·谋划=诱骗·使感兴趣(不正当·正常)
(反)inveigle ◆ request directly   诱骗 ◆ 直接要求
inveigle ◆ openly seek to persuade   诱骗 ◆ 公开劝说
(同)lure, allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, lead on, seduce, tempt, toll
inventory  [5invEntri]  n. 存货清单(an itemized list of current assets)
(类)census·population=inventory·stock   人口普查·人口数=存货清单·库存
inventory·merchandise=manifest·cargo  存货清单·存货=运货单·货物

inveterate  [in5vetErit]  adj. 根深的,成癖的,积习的(firmly established by long persistence)  
(反)inveterate ◆ uninitiated   根深蒂固的 ◆ 无经验的
inveterate ◆ one-time   根深蒂固的 ◆ 一次,偶尔
(同)confirmed, entrenched,irradicable,settled, sworn

invidious  [in5vidiEs]  adj. 容易引起不满的,招人嫉妒的(tending to cause discontent,animosity,or
envy)
(反)invidious ◆ beneficial   容易引起不满的 ◆ 有益个人或社会的
【注:beneficial :conducive to personal or social well-being】
(同)calumnious, defamatory, detracting
(例)the invidious task of arbitration  这个容易引起不满的裁决

invigorate  [in5vi^Ereit]  v. 使有活力,激励 (to give life and energy to·animate; also:stimulate)
(类)tonic·invigorate=analgesic·deaden  补品·使健壮=止痛剂·使麻木(正面特征)
(反)debilitate ◆ invigorate   使衰弱 ◆ 使健壮
demoralize ◆ invigorate   士气受挫 ◆  鼓舞
emaciate ◆ invigorate   使憔悴 ◆ 使生气勃勃
sap ◆ invigorate   使衰竭 ◆ 使生气勃勃
invincible [in5vinsEbl]  adj. 不能征服的,无敌的(incapable of being overcome or defeated;
unconquerable)
(类)invincible·conquer=negligible·perceive  不能征服的不易被征服=可以忽略的不易被察觉
invincible·subdue=impervious·damage   不能征服的·征服=不会受到损伤的·损坏
(同)impregnable, inconquerable, indomitable, invulnerable, unassailable, undefeatable
(例)the team proved to be invincible 这个团队被证明是无法战胜的

invoke  [in5vEuk]  vt. 恳求,调用(程序等),实施(to put into effect or operation:implement)
(反)invoke ◆ suspend   实施 ◆ 暂停

irascible  [i5rAsibl]  adj. 易发怒的(marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger)
(类)irascible·placate=insensate·conscious   易怒的难以安抚=没感觉难以察觉
(反)affable ◆ irascible   和蔼的 ◆ 易怒的
(同)choleric, cranky, hot-tempered, ireful, passionate, peppery, temperish, testy, touchy
(例)an irascible fellow and hard to get along with
irate  [ai5reit]  adj. 发怒的,生气的(arising from anger)  
(类)gush·effusive=rage·irate   喷涌·流出的=暴怒·愤怒的(形容词与动词的同义)
(同) angry, choleric, ireful, mad, wrathful
(记)i(谐音“爱”)+rate(责骂)→爱责骂 联想:爱责骂时当然是发怒的 参考:berate责骂

iridescence  [9iri`desEns]  n. 彩虹色(a lustrous rainbowlike play of color)
(反)iridescent ◆ monochromatic   彩色 ◆ 单色

irk  [E:k]  v.使苦恼,厌烦(to make weary, irritated, or bored)
(类)irk·enrage=suggest·urge   使苦恼·激怒=建议·力劝(目的)
pest·irksome=expert·proficient   让人讨厌的人/事·让人讨厌的=专家·精通的(正面特征)
(反)irk ◆ make someone pleased   使不愉快 ◆ 使愉快
(同)annoy, abrade, bother, exercise, fret, gall, provoke, ruffle, vex
(记)谐音:饿渴。联想:又饿又渴,使人烦恼。
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