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GRE机考突破

tribute    [trIbju:t]  n.贡物;颂词(a gift, payment, declaration)  
(反)tribute ◆ denunciation/ reprobation   颂词 ◆ 谴责/ 斥责
(同)encomium, citation, eulogy, panegyric, salutation despot

trickle         [trIkl]  v.一滴滴地流,徐徐地流(to issue or fall in drops)   
(类)blast·whiff=gush·trickle   大风·小气流=喷涌·滴流(名词程度)
trickle·gush=warm·sear   滴流·喷涌=弄热·烧焦(程度)
(同)drip, distill, dribble, drop, trill, weep

trite  [traIt]  adj. 陈腐的,陈词滥调的(hackneyed or boring from much use·not fresh or original)        
(反)trite ◆ fresh/original/unbanal/unhackneyed    陈腐的 ◆ 新鲜的/创新的/不陈腐的/未陈旧的
(同)bathetic, cliche, commonplace, hackneyed, shopworn, threadbare, timeworn

trivial  [trIvIEl]  adj. 不值钱的,微不足道的;平凡的,平常的(commonplace, ordinary)   
(反)trivial ◆ indispensable/substantive   微不足道的 ◆ 不可缺少的/有实质的
trivial ◆  grandiose/massive   平常的 ◆ 宏伟的
(同)petty , inconsequential, measly, paltry, puny, trifling
troupe  [tru:p]  n. 剧团(a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers)
(类)troupe·perform=chorus·sing   剧团·表演=合唱团·演唱(团体及其特征行为)
orchestra·music=·troupe·drama   管弦乐队·音乐=剧团·戏剧
(记)来自troop 团队

trophy  [trEJfI]  n.奖品,战利品(something gained in victory)
(类)trophy·contestant=honors·student   奖品·竞争者=荣誉·学生(后者追求前者)
athlete·trophy=soldier·medal   运动员·奖品=战士·奖章
(同)remembrance , memento, memorial, relic, reminder, token

truant  [tru:Ent]  adj. 逃避责任的(shirking responsibility)n. 逃学者,逃避者
(反)truant ◆ dutiful   玩忽职守的 ◆ 尽职尽责的
truce  [tru:s]  n. 休战, 休战协定(a suspension of or an agreement for suspending hostilities)
(反)truce ◆ resumed fighting   休战 ◆ 重新发起战争
(同)armistice, cease-fire, break, respite, reconciliation
(例)the high command ordered a truce for the holidays. 最高司令部为假期订立了休战协定。

truculent        [trQkjJlEnt]  adj. 残暴的,凶狠的(cruel, savage);好战的(aggressively self-assertive)
(类)truculent·gentleness=unregenerate·remorse   残暴的不温顺=顽固的不自责
【注:unregenerate:making no attempt to change one's bad practices 不思改过】
【注:remorse :a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs 自责】
(反)truculent ◆  genial/gentle/meek   凶狠的,好战的 ◆ 温和的
truculent ◆ pacific/ placid   好战的 ◆ 和平的/平和的
truculence ◆ benevolence/kindness   野蛮 ◆ 仁慈
truculence ◆ tranquility   好战 ◆ 宁静
(同)belligerent, fierce , barbarous, cruel, fell, ferocious, inhumane
(记)truc=truck 卡车 联想:卡车在路上横冲直撞非常凶狠的样子
trudge  [trQdV]  vt. 跋涉,吃力地走(to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously)   
(类)lug·carry=trudge·walk   拖拉·运送=跋涉·走(前者吃力)
(同)plod , plodge, slop, stodge, toil  比较:drudge 苦工 dredge 挖泥船

trumpet  [trQmpit]  n. 喇叭,小号(a wind instrument consisting of a conical or cylindrical usually
metal tube, a cup-shaped mouthpiece, and a flared bell)
(类)trumpet·horn=tambourine·drum   小号·喇叭=小手鼓·鼓(种属)
(记)比较:triumph胜利 联想:吹起胜利的号角

truncate  [trQNkeIt]  v. 截短(to shorten by or as if by cutting off)      
(类)truncate·extent=simplify·complexity   截短·长度=简化·复杂性(行为对象)
(反)prolong ◆ truncate   延长 ◆ 截短
(同)top , crop, detruncate, pollard
(记)trunc=trunk 树干 联想:树干太长需要截断
twig  [twi^]  n.小枝,嫩枝(a small shoot)v.理解
(类)twig·limb=brook·river   小枝·大枝=小溪·江河(大小)

truss  [trQs]  n. 构架,托架(a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars, designed to
support a structure, such as a roof)       
(类)ballast·stability=truss·support   压舱物·稳定性=托架·支持(物品作用)
  
tugboat  [tQ^bEJt]  n.  拖船(a strongly built powerful boat used for towing and pushing)
(类)locomotive·flatcar=tugboat·barge   火车头·平台车=拖船·驳船 (前者拖动后者)
【注:barge :a roomy usually flat-bottomed boat used chiefly for the transport of goods on
inland waterways and usually propelled by towing 靠拖动的驳船 tow:拖】

tumult  [`tjU:mQlt]  n.骚动,暴动,吵闹(commotion)情绪激动(agitation of the mind or emotions)
(类)tumultuous·bedlam=active·hive   骚动的·混乱场所=活跃的·闹市(正面特征)     
(反)tumult ◆ quietude/ quiescence/ serenity/ tranquility   骚动 ◆ 安静
tumultuous ◆ serene   喧嚣的 ◆ 平静的
(同)commotion , clamor, hassle, hubbub, turmoil, uproar
(记)tu 谐音:土 mult =multi多→ 土人很多→骚动,吵闹
turbulent         [t\:bjJlEnt]  adj. 骚动的,狂暴的(causing unrest, violence, or disturbance)
(类)maelstrom·turbulent=mirage·illusory   漩涡·狂暴的=海市蜃楼·幻影的(事物典型特征)
(同)boisterous, disorderly, rambunctious, raucous,tumultuous, unruly
(记)turb 搅动 参考:perturb 感到不安

turgid  [t\:dVId]  adj. 浮肿的,浮夸的(excessively embellished in style or language)  
(反)turgid ◆ simple   浮夸的 ◆ 简朴的
(同)bombastic, pompous ,inflated, flatulent, overblown, tumid, windy
(记)谐音:特级的 联想:认为自己的东西是特级的→浮夸的

turmoil  [t\:mCIl]  n. 骚动,混乱(a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion)      
(反)turmoil ◆ tranquility   骚动 ◆ 安静
(同 commotion , agitation, confusion, flap, tumult, turbulence
(记)turm=turn 转变+oil 油→变成油 联想:水变油的新闻使媒体一阵骚乱
turncoat  [t\:nkEJt]  n. 背叛者,变节者(one who switches to an opposing side or party;
specifically :traitor)   
(类)bigot·tolerance=turncoat·constancy=recluse·compassion simpleton·sagacity      
狭隘者·容忍=背叛者·坚定不移=遁世者·同情笨蛋·睿智(反面特征)
(反)constancy ◆ turncoat   坚定不移 ◆ 背叛者

turpitude   [tE:pitju:d]  n. 奸恶, 卑鄙(inherent baseness:depravity; a base act)
(反)turpitude ◆ probity   卑鄙 ◆ 正直
turpitude ◆ saintly behavior   卑鄙的行为 ◆ 圣洁的行为
(记)谐音:特批土地。联想:一些官员利用职权特批土地,行为真的很卑鄙

turquoise  [tEkwCiz]  n. 绿宝石(a mineral that is a blue, bluish green, or greenish gray)
(类)gem·turquoise=flower·violet  宝石· 绿宝石=花·紫罗兰(种属)
turret        [tQrIt]  n. 小塔,塔楼, 炮塔(an ornamental structure at an angle of a larger structure)
(类)castle·turret=sea·beacon   城堡·塔楼=海洋·灯塔 (建筑物及其所属)
(记)turr=tower+et表示小的后缀→小塔

typo  [taIpEJ]  n. 打字错误(an error in typed or typeset material)
(类)typo·text=bug·software   打字错误·文本=程序错误·软件(错误及其发生对象)

tyro  [taiErEu]  n.新手,业余爱好者(a beginner in learning:novice)  
(反)tyro ◆ expert   新手 ◆ 专家
(同)amateur , dabbler, dilettante, novice, apprentice, neophyte, rookie
ubiquitous  [ju:bikwitEs]  adj.无所不在的,普通的(being everywhere at the same time)
(反)ubiquitous ◆ unique   普遍的 ◆ 唯一的
(同)omnipresent, allover, universal,  widespread

unassailable   [ QnEseilEbl ] adj. 无可争辩的,无法否认的(Impossible to dispute or disprove)
(类)unassailable·refute=impervious·damage 无可辩驳不能驳斥=不会受损是不会受损伤
【注:非难以关系,而是不能关系,语气更加强硬】
(例)unassailable truths.  不争的事实

uncanny  [QnkAnI]  adj. 离奇的,奇异的(seeming to have a supernatural character or origin)
(反)uncanny ◆ ordinary   离奇的 ◆ 普通的
(同)mysterious ,weird, eerie, spooky, unearthly
(记)注意与canny 精明的,谨慎的没有任何关系。Canny的can理解成“能” 能干的,精明的
uncanny的can 谐音为“看”→不能看出来的→离奇的
uncouth  [Qnku:W]  adj. 笨拙的,粗俗的(awkward in appearance, manner, or behavior)
(类)uncouth·churl=conspiratorial·conniver
粗俗的·粗野的人=阴谋的·阴谋家(人物典型行为)
(反)seemly ◆ uncouth   得体的 ◆ 粗俗的
【注:seemly :conventionally proper :decorous】
(同)coarse , crass, crude, inelegant, raw, rough,vulgar
(记)un+couth 谐音:酷死=酷毙→并非酷毙→笨拙,粗俗

unctuous  [QNktjJEs]  adj. 油质的(fatty, oily);油腔滑调的,假殷勤的(revealing or marked by a
smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality)
(类)placebo·innocuous=salve·unctuous   安慰剂·无害的=药膏·油质的(事物典型特征)
sanctimonious·devoted=unctuous·earnest   假装虔诚的·虔诚的=假殷勤的·热心
(同)fulsome, oily, soapy, unctuous
(记)unct (油膏)+uous→油质的  参考:unction 油膏,安慰物
undermine  [QndEmaIn]  v. 消弱,破坏(to weaken or ruin by degrees)
(反)undermine ◆ aggrandize/reinforce/ undergird   消弱 ◆  加强
(同)weaken, attenuate, blunt, cripple, debilitate, disable, enfeeble, sap
(记)under 下面+mine 矿山,挖掘→在下面挖掘→暗中破坏

underscore  [7QndEskC: ]  vt. 强调(emphasize, stress),划线于…底下n. 下划线(line drawn
            under a word or line especially for emphasis )
(类)underscore·emphasis=brand·ownership下划线表示强调=烙印商标表明所有权
(反)underscore ◆ de-emphasize/downplay   强调 ◆ 不予重视
(同)emphasize, feature, italicize, stress, underline
(记)under + score 在下面划线→强调

underdog         [QndEdR^]  n. 受害者,输家(a victim of injustice or persecution)       
(反)underdog ◆ bully   受害者 ◆ 欺凌弱小者
(同)victim , bottom dog, casualty, prey
understudy  [QndEstQdi]  n. 预备演员, 代替之人(one who is prepared to act another's part)
(类)understudy·star=deputy·sheriff    替身·演员=代理·州长(前者代替后者)

unexceptionable  [QnIksepFEnEbl]  adj. 无懈可击的(not open to criticism·beyond reproach)
(类)unexceptionable·oppose=unique·precedent   无懈可击无法反对=独一无二没有先
(同)decent, acceptable, adequate, sufficient, unexceptional, unimpeachable  
(记)【区分】 unexceptional         [QnIksepFEnl]  adj. 非例外的,普通的

unflappable          [QnflApEbl]  adj.镇定的,从容不迫的(marked by assurance and self-control)                  (类)unflappable·upset=obstinate·persuade 镇定的不易被扰乱=倔强的不易被说服
(反)unflappable ◆ disturbed  镇定的 ◆ 扰乱的
(同)cool ,  composed, disimpassioned, imperturbable, nonchalant, unruffled
ungainly        [QngeInlI]  adj.笨拙的,不雅的(lacking in smoothness or dexterity·clumsy)               
(类)loquacious·succinct=adroit·ungainly   多话的·简洁的=灵巧的·笨拙的(反义)
(反)ungainly ◆ adroit/dexterous/lissome   笨拙的 ◆ 灵巧的,机敏的/灵巧的/敏捷的
(同)clumsy , awkward, lumbering, lumpish
(记)gain 优点,收益→gainly 有优点的,姿态好的→ungainly 笨拙的

unimpeachable   [QnImpi:tFEbl]  adj.无可置疑的,无可指责的(not to be called in question)
          (反)unimpeachable  ◆  open to question  无可置疑的 ◆ 有疑问的
(同)reproachable, blameless, decent, acceptable, adequate, common, satisfactory, sufficient
                               
unkempt         [Qnkempt]  adj.凌乱的,不整洁的(deficient in order or neatness)       
(反)unkempt ◆ dapper  不整洁的 ◆ 整洁的
(同)slovenly, disheveled, ill-kempt, messy, slipshod, sloppy  
(记)un(不)kem(谐音:看)→不能看的,没法看的→肮脏凌乱的
unlettered          [QnletEd]  adj. 未受教育的,无学问的,文盲的(lacking facility in reading and writing and
ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books)          
(反)erudite ◆ ignorant/smattering of knowledge/ unlettered
博学的 ◆ 无知识的/知识浅薄的/无学问的
(同)ignorant, benighted, empty-headed, illiterate, uninstructed, unschooled,untutored
(记)un+letter 一个字母都不认识→文盲的

unpretentious          [QnprItenFEs] adj. 不炫耀的, 谦逊的(free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation)
(反)bombastic ◆ unpretentious  夸大的 ◆ 不炫耀的
(同)plain, discreet, inelaborate, modest, unelaborate, unembellished

unproductive   [QnprEdQktiv] adj.  徒然的,无效的
(反)effectual ◆ unproductive   有效的 ◆ 无效的
(同)futile, abortive, bootless, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailing, vain
unrequited          [QnrIkwaItId] adj. 无报答的,无报酬的(not reciprocated or returned in kind)
(反)remunerative ◆ unrequited   有报酬的 ◆ 无报酬的
(例)unrequited love; 未得回报的爱情;单恋

unruly   [Qnru:lI]  adj.难驾驭的,蛮横的(not readily ruled or managed;presumptuous)         
(类)unruly·authority=refractory·change  蛮横的·威信=执拗的·改变(不会产生后者)
(反)subdued ◆ unruly   屈服的 ◆ 难驾驭的
unruly ◆ disciplined   不守规矩的 ◆ 遵守纪律的
(同)indomitable, intractable, recalcitrant, undisciplined, unmanageable, untoward  

untenable         [QntenEbl]  adj. 防守不住的,站不住脚的(not able to be defended)
(类)untenable·defense=invulnerable·injury=inevitable·avoide=incontrovertible·disputed
防守不住的·防卫=不会受伤害的·伤害=不可避免的·避免=无可争议的·争议
(同)inexcusable, indefensible, inexpiable, unforgivable, unjustifiable
untold          [QntEJld]  adj.数不清的,无数的(incalculable, vast)       
(类)(countless/innumerable/myriad/untold)·number=(everlasting/ interminable)·duration
无数的·数目=无休止的·持续 (前者修饰后者)
(反)untold ◆ able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable   数不清的 ◆ 可以计算的
(同)enormous, immense, prodigious, titanic, innumerable, countless, innumerous

untoward         [QntC:rd]  adj. 不利的,不吉利的(not favorable:adverse, unpropitious)
(反)untoward ◆  auspicious/ propitious   不利的 ◆ 吉兆的/吉利的
untoward  ◆  favorable and anticipated   不利的 ◆ 顺利且可以被预见的
untoward ◆ fortunate   事与愿违的 ◆ 幸运的
toward ◆ obdurate   良好的 ◆ 冷酷的
(同)unlucky, hapless, misfortunate, star-crossed, unhappy
unwitting         [QnwItIN]  adj. 不知道的,未觉察的(not knowing·unaware)       
(反)conscious ◆ unwitting   有意识的 ◆ 未觉察的
(同)ignorant, incognizant, inconversant, unacquainted, unaware, uninformed
(例)he kept the truth from their unwitting friends. 他对不知情的朋友隐瞒真相。

unwonted          [QnwEJntId]  adj. 不习惯的,不寻常的(not accustomed by experience)
(反)habit ◆ unwonted behavior   习惯 ◆ 不习惯
unwonted ◆ usual   不寻常的 ◆ 平常的
(同)exceptional, extraordinary, singular, unimaginable, unique, unusual
(记)来自wont  n/v习惯 adj. 习惯的
(例)The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world
穷人总是抱怨这是个冷酷的世界
upbraid   [QpbreId] vt.(严厉地)谴责,责骂(severely reproach;scold vehemently)
(类)upbraid·disapproval=lament·grief 责骂·不赞成=哀悼·悲痛 (表达)
upbraid·reproach=dote·like  谴责·责备=溺爱·喜欢(程度)
(反)upbraid ◆ laud/extol  谴责 ◆ 赞美/颂扬
(同)reprimand, scold, berate, lash, rate, revile, vituperate

uphold           [QphEJld] vt.支持,赞成(to support against an opponent        )
(反)uphold ◆  abrogate /impugnuphold  支持,赞成 ◆ 废除/指责
(同)support, advocate, back, champion, side (with)
       
urbane           [\:beIn] adj.彬彬有礼的,文雅的(notably polite or finished in manner·polished)                      
(类)urbane·gaucherie=guileless·chicanery 文雅的不笨拙=坦率的不狡辩
(反)urbane ◆ rude/rustic  文雅的 ◆ 粗鲁无礼的/不世故的
urbanity ◆ artlessness  文雅 ◆ 淳朴
urbanity ◆ oafishness  举止文雅 ◆ 痴呆
(同)genteel, cultivated, cultured, polished, refined, well-bred
usurp          [jJzEp]  v. 篡夺, 篡位(to seize or exercise authority or possession wrongfully)         
(类)usurp·take=trespass·enter  
篡夺·获得=侵入·进入(非法与正常)
impostor·identity=usurper·authorization
冒名顶替者·身份=篡位者·权利 (前者不正当得到后者)
(反)usurp  ◆  assume rightfully   篡位 ◆ 正当的就职
(同)arrogate , accroach, appropriate, assume, preempt
(记)us(=use 用)+urp(谐音:恶婆)→武则天用恶婆的手段篡夺皇位

usury    [ju:Vuri]  n. 高利贷(lending money at illegal high rates of interest)
(类)usury·interest=gouging·price  高利贷·利息=敲竹杠·价格(诈取后者)
(记)来自use使用 联想:世界是没有免费使用的东西→高利贷
utter         [QtE]  vt. 出声;发表,宣布(pronounce, speak)adj. 绝对的,完全的,十足的(absolute, total)
(类)flit·move=blurt·utter迅速飞过·移动·突然说出·出声(快·正常)
exclaim·utter=flare·shine  大声呼喊·出声=闪耀·发光(大·正常)
(反)circumlocution ◆ pithy utters/utter concisely/straightforward utter 累赘的话 ◆ 简练的话
utter  ◆  partial  完全的 ◆ 部分的
jest ◆ solemn utterance  玩笑,俏皮话 ◆ 严肃的话
(同)absolute, arrant, complete, sheer, entire
(例)he acted like an utter idiot. 他的行为象一个十足的白痴。
vaccinate          [vAksIneIt]  vt.vi. 预防接种(to inoculate with cowpox virus to produce immunity)       
(类)soporific·sleep=vaccinating·immunity   催眠的·睡觉=接种的·免疫(促进)
vaccination·immune=overexposure·jaded  接种疫苗·免疫的=过度曝光·厌腻的(因果)
      【注:jaded:词义是因为某件事情过度而感到厌腻的。Overexposure:可理解成演员在公众面
前曝光过度,对此感到厌腻】
vacillate   [`vAsIleIt]  vi.  犹豫不决;摇动,摇摆(waver in opinion;fluctuate;sway to and fro)
(类)impetuous·vacillation/hesitation=bumptious·humbleness
冲动的·踌躇=傲慢的·谦逊(形名反义)
persistence·vacillate=inertia·react  坚持不会犹豫=惰性不会起反应
vacillate·uncertainty=apologize·contrite  犹豫表达不确定=道歉表达后悔
(反)equipoise ◆ vacillate  平衡 ◆ 摇摆
resolute ◆ vacillate  决议 ◆ 犹豫不定
vacillate  ◆  resolve firmly/stand firm  犹豫不决 ◆ 坚决/立场坚定
adamant ◆  vacillating   坚定的 ◆ 犹豫不决的
vacillation ◆  impetuosity/ pertinacity/resolution  踌躇 ◆ 冲动/固执/决心
vacillation  ◆  motionless balance  摇摆不定 ◆ 静止平衡
(同)hesitate, falter, halt, stagger, waver, whiffle
vacuous        [vAkjJEs] adj.愚蠢的, 空洞的(marked by lack of ideas or intelligence·stupid, inane)
(反)vacuous ◆ intelligent  愚蠢的 ◆ 聪明的
vacuous ◆ omniscient  空洞的 ◆ 全知的, 无所不知的
vacuity  ◆  plentitude  空虚 ◆ 充分
(同)empty, bare, clear, stark, vacant, void

vagary          [veI^ErI]  n. 奇想,奇特行为(capricious happening; caprice)       
(类)vagary·predict=impossibility·execute=indemonstrable·prove =diehard·budge
奇特行为·预知=不可能之事·实行=不能证明的·证明=顽固的人·使动摇(难以)
(同 caprice, conceit, fancy, freak, humor, whim

vague          [veI^] adj. 含糊的,不清楚的(not thinking or expressing one's thoughts clearly or precisely)
(反)vague ◆ well defined   不清楚的 ◆ 详细说明的
vague ◆ express/trenchant  含糊的 ◆ 明确的/清晰的
(同)obscure, ambiguous, equivocal, opaque, unclear, unexplicit, unintelligible

valediction          [vAlIdIkFn]  n.告别演说,告别词(an act of bidding farewell)
(类)panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell          颂词·称赞=告别词·辞别(表达含义)
(反)valediction ◆ greeting  告别 ◆ 欢迎
(记)vale= farewell 告别+dic 说→告别演说
valiant           [vAljEnt]  adj.勇敢的,有胆量的,英勇的(courageous;heroic)
(类)valiant·entrapped=demanding·satisfied英勇的·被俘获的=苛求的·满意的 ( 反义)
(反)valiant ◆  pusillanimous  勇敢的 ◆ 胆怯的
(同)audacious, bold, courageous, intrepid, undaunted, valorous

valid        [vAlId]  adj. 正确的(logically correct);有根据的(well-grounded);有效的(effective)
          (反)specious ◆ valid   似是而非的 ◆ 有根据的
fallacy ◆ valid argument   谬误 ◆ 正确的论点
(同)cogent, convincing, satisfactory, solid, sound, telling
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