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GRE机考突破

palter          [`pR:ltE]  vi. 欺骗(to act insincerely or deceitfully)
(类)palter·candor=diehard·budge   欺骗·诚挚=顽固·移动(反面特征)
【注:budge :to alter a position or attitude:改变立场或态度】
(反)palter ◆ candor   欺骗 ◆ 坦率
(同)lie, equivocate, falsify, fib, prevaricate

paltry   [pC:ltrI]  adj. 无价值的;微不足道的(practically worthless; trifling)
(反)paltry ◆ significant/important   微不足道的 ◆ 意义重大的/重要的
(同)petty, measly, piddling, puny, trifling, trivial,
(例)This is a paltry sum to pay for such a masterpiece.

pan        [pAn]  vt.【口语】严厉批评 (to criticize unfavorably, as in reviewing)
(类)pan·harsh=barb·caustic   严厉批评·严厉的=尖锐的批评·严厉的(同义)
(反)rave 过分赞扬 eulogize称赞 extol称赞

panache        [pEnAF]  n. 羽饰;假威风,炫耀(dash or flamboyance in style)
(反)panache  ◆  humility  炫耀  ◆  谦逊   
panache  ◆  unremarkable behavior  炫耀  ◆  寻常举止
panache  ◆  dullness   华丽  ◆  缺乏光彩(dull:lacking brilliance or luster)
pancreas   [pAnkriEs]  n. 胰腺
(类)insulin·pancreas=bile·liver   胰岛素·胰腺=胆汁·肝脏(分泌关系)

pandemic   [pAndemik]  adj. 全国流行的
(反)pandemic  ◆  limited   流行的 ◆ 限制的
(记)pan(前缀,表示“全, 总, 泛”)+dem(=people)→全体人民→全国流行的

pandemonium          [pAndImEJnIEm]  n. 喧哗吵闹(wild uproar or noise)
(反)pandemonium ◆ serene   喧嚣 ◆ 安静
(同)din , hubbub, jangle, racket, tumult, uproar
(记)pan(全部)+demon(魔鬼)→群魔乱舞→喧哗,吵闹

panegyric           [pAnIdVIrIk]  n. 赞扬,夸大的颂词(a eulogistic oration or writing)
(类)panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize   颂词·称颂=讽刺文章·讽刺 (前者表达后者)
panegyric·praise=valediction·farewell   颂词·赞扬=临别致词·告别 (前者表达后者)
(反)anathema诅咒   denunciation谴责   condemnation谴责
(同)encomium, citation, eulogy, salutation, tribute
(例)the modest hero blushed to hear the speakers delivering panegyrics about his valorous act.
(记)pan (全)+egyric(集市)→在公众集会上演说正式的颂扬性文章→赞扬,颂词

panoramic   [9pAnE`rAmIk]  n. 全景的(an complete view of an area in every direction)
(反)panoramic ◆ narrow   全景的 ◆ 狭窄的
(记)pan(全)+oram(视野)→全景

pantry   [pAntrI]  n. 食品柜,餐具室(a room for preparation of foods on order)
(类)pantry·food=armory·weapons=closet(wardrobe)·clothes
餐具室·食物=军械库·武器=壁橱(衣柜)·衣服(存储地方与物品)
(同)larder, buttery 区别:pastry 面点

parable   [pArEbl]  n. 寓言,比喻
(类)parable·story=homily·lecture   寓言·故事=说教·教训(种属)
(同)allegory, apologue, fable, myth
(记)para(侧面, 超越)。从侧面说道理→寓言

paradigm   [pArEdaIm] n. 典范, 范例(example, pattern)
(类)corrective·amends=paradigm·exemplify  
矫正物·补偿=范例·作为…例子(事物作用)
paragon(paradigm)·imitate=reverence·regard
模范值得被效仿=应该尊敬的人值得被尊重
(同)moder, archetype, example, exemplar, pattern, standard
(记)para(侧面, 超越)。超越一般的→典范
paradise         [pArEdaIs]  n. 天堂 (a place or state of bliss, felicity, or delight)
(类)pleasurable·paradisical=melodious·lyrical
愉悦的·极欢乐=曲调优美的·抒情诗调的 (同义)
(记)词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义。超乎寻常的感受,当然只能在天堂中体会

paradox   [pArEdRks] n. 似是而非的论点,自相矛盾的话(a statement that is seemingly contradictory to common sense and yet is perhaps true)
(类)paradox·contradictory=epigram·wise
矛盾论点·对立的=警句·有智慧的(事物典型特征)
oxymoron·paradox=apophasis·claim
矛盾修饰法·矛盾的话=表面否认要说或正说的话·表述
(反)paradoxical ◆ common荒谬的 ◆ 普通的
(例)the paradox of her career was her achievement of her greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when she was bereft of a compelling subject.

paragon   [pArEgRn]  n. 模范,典型(a model of excellence or perfection)
(类)paragon·admire=pariah·contempt   典范常常被赞美=底层民众常常被轻蔑
paragon·excellent=hoax·fraudulent   模范·优秀的=愚弄·欺骗的(正面特征)
paragon·exemplary=corrected·amend   典范·示例=修正的·改正(同义)
(反)travesty ◆ paragon   曲解 ◆ 典范
(同)ideal, jewel, nonesuch, nonpareil, phoenix
(例)the class disliked him because the teacher was always pointing him out as a paragon of
virtue.
paramount           [pArEmaJnt]  adj. 最重要的,最高权力的(superior to all others)
(类)important·paramount=painful·agonizing  重要的·最重要的=痛苦的·痛苦难耐的(程度)
(反)paramount ◆ ancillary   最主要的 ◆ 辅助次要的
(同)ascendant, overbearing, predominant, predominate, preponderant
(例)Proper nutrition are of paramount importance in adolescent development and growth.
(记)美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标。词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义。

paranoia        [pArEnCIE]  n. 偏执狂(a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of others)
(类)suspicion·paranoia=enthusiasm·mania  猜疑·偏执狂=热情·狂热(褒贬程度)
suspicious·paranoid=admiring·idolatrous  怀疑的·偏执狂的=钦佩的·盲目崇拜的(褒贬)
(例)Suffering from paranois, he claimed everyone was out to get him; ironically, his claim was accurate; even paranoids have enemies.
paraphrase         [pArEfreIz] vt. 简要重述,解释(to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form)
(类)paraphrase·verbatim=approximate·precise 简要重述·一字不差地=近似·精确的(反义)
(同)rephrase, restate, reword
(例)in 20 words or less, paraphrase this article. 用20词左右来简要复述一下这篇文章。
(记)词头para-表示“侧面, 超越”之义;对句子从另外角度阐述→扼要重述

parch         [pB:tF]  vi. 烤干        (to dry or shrivel with cold)       
(反)steep ◆ parch         浸泡 ◆ 烤干

parenthesis   [pErenWisis] n.插入语;附带;插曲;圆括号
(类)enclose·parentheses=separate·comma   括号使围住=句号使隔开
parenthesis·explanation=ellipsis·omission   圆括号表示解释=省略号表示省略
(记)paren(=para侧面, 超越)+thesis

pariah          n. 贱民,底层民众(a member of a low caste of southern india)
(类)pariah·ostracize=prisoner·confine   底层民众遭排斥=囚犯遭囚禁(人物典型特征)
(同)outcast,castaway,derelict
(记)pari谐音 巴黎。记住巴黎爆发的法国大革命就是这群所谓的贱民发动的。
parity   [pArItI]  n. 同等,平等(the quality or state of being equal)
(反)inequality不公平/ incommensurateness不平衡
(同)equivalence,adequation,equality
(例)I find your analogy inaccurate because i do not see the parity between the two illustrations.

parlance        [pB:lEns]  n. 说话的方式(manner or mode of speech)
(类)parlance·speak=gait·walk        说话的方式·说=步法·行走(动作与其方式)
(同)wording,diction, phrase, phraseology, phrasing
(记)parlan 谐音 巴朗。如果你知道巴朗词表就会知道它是来研究人们的说话方式的。

parody            [pArEdI]  n.诙谐改编的诗文 v. 做模仿诗文
(类)parody·style=mime·gesture 诙谐改编模仿的是诗文风格=哑剧模仿的是姿态
【注:mime:to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually without words
parody:n. a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule    v. to imitate in the manner of a parody】
spoof·parody=nicety·distinction   轻浮的改编·拙劣的模仿=细微差别·差别(种属)spoof·parody=ode·poetry   轻浮地讽刺模仿品·模仿作品=颂诗·诗(种属)
(同)burlesque, imitate, mock, take off, travesty
paroxysm          [pArEksizEm]  n. 发作,突发(a sudden violent emotion or action)
(类)paroxysm·sudden=ruse·deceived   突发·突然的=诡计·欺骗的 (正面特征)
               
parquetry          [pB:kItrI]  n. 镶木地板艺术或图案(inlaid woodwork in geometric forms, usually of
contrasting woods, used esp. in flooring)
(类)parquetry·floor=fresco·wall   镶木地板图案·地板=壁画·墙壁(事物安置位置)
    parquet·wood=mosaic·glass   镶木地板·木头=镶嵌图案·玻璃
(例)in laying the floor, the carpenters combined redwood and oak in an elegant parquet.

parrot           vt. 鹦鹉学舌,机械地模仿(to repeat by rote)
(类)parrot·originality=babble·sense   机械地模仿缺乏创意=胡说八道缺乏理智

parry   v. 躲避(武器、问题等)(to evade especially by an adroit answer)
(类)parry·question=shirk·duty   躲避·问题=推卸·责任(逃避关系)
(同)dodge, duck, fence, shirk, sidestep
(例)he was content to wage a defensive battle and tried to parry his opponent's thrusts.
(记)p+arry(=arrow 箭) →避箭→躲避武器等
parse   [pB:rs]  n./v. 从语法上分析
(类)parse·grammatical=scan·metrical  
语法分析·合乎语法的=分析韵脚·有韵律的(行为及其相关对象)
sentence·parse=specimen·dissect   句子·语法分析=标本·解剖(行为及其对对象)

parsimony          [pB:sImEnI]  n. 过度节俭,吝啬(unreasonable economy; stinginess)
(类)parsimony·frugal=hubris·proud   节俭·节俭的=傲慢·高傲的(名形同义)
parsimonious·liberal=obtuse·keen   吝啬的·慷慨的=钝的·锋利的
parsimonious·profligacy=impetuous·hesitance   吝啬的·挥霍的=冲动的·犹豫的
parsimonious·resource=curt·words  
吝啬的·资源=简略的·话语(形容词修饰名词,二重关系·简或少)
tightfisted·parsimonious=brattish·mischievous   吝啬的·吝啬的=宠坏的·淘气的(同义)
(反)parsimony ◆ largesse   吝啬 ◆ 慷慨
parsimonious ◆ wasteful/ liberal/ profligate/ prodigal/ munificent/ lavish/ generous
小气的 ◆ 浪费的/ 慷慨的/ 浪费的/ 挥霍的/ 慷慨大方的/ 浪费的/ 大方的
(同)stingy, miserly,niggardly, penurious
(记)parsi谐音 怕死+mony 谐音money 花钱 →怕死花钱→吝啬
partial          [pB:Fl]  adj. 偏袒的,偏爱的(inclined to favor one party more than the other:biased)
(反)partial ◆ dispassionate   偏袒的 ◆ 不动感情的
(同)jaundiced, prejudiced,tendentious,unindifferent,warped
(记)part 部分 只对部分人好→偏爱

particularize   [pEtIkjJlEraIz]  vt. vi. 详细说明,列举(to state in detail)
(类)particularize·details=illustrate·pictures
详细说明·细节=作图解·图片(行为及其相关对象)
(同)detail, specificate, specificize, stipulate
(记)part 部分 将整体分成部分详细说明

partisan         [pB:tIzAn]  n. 党羽,同党的人(a firm adherent to a party, faction)
(类)allegiance·partisans=authoritativeness·pundits       
效忠·同党之人=权威·权威人士(人物典型特征)
patriot·country=partisan·course   爱国者·国家=党羽·方针(前者忠诚于后者)
(同)follower, adherent, cohort, disciple, henchman, supporter
(记)party 政党
pastiche         [pAsti:F]  n. 模仿 (的手法)(a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work)
(反)pastiche ◆ original work   模仿 ◆ 原创
(记)past 过去的,过时的+che 谐音 车→过时的车不值得模仿

partition   [pB:tiFEn]  n.分割,划分,瓜分 vt.区分,隔开,分割
(反)partition ◆ unify瓜分 ◆ 联合
(记)part 部分

patent            [pAtnt]  adj. 专利的;显著的,新奇的(readily visible or intelligible)
(反)patent ◆ abstruse / not evident/ occult / recondite
明显的 ◆ 晦涩难懂的/ 不明显的/ 神秘的/ 深奥的
nuance ◆ patent difference   细微差别 ◆ 显著区别
(同)apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, palpable, unequivocal

pathology          [pEWRlEdVI]  n. 病理学;病状       
(类)stimulation·arousal=pathogen·diseasing   刺激物·激励= 病原体·疾病
(反)pathological ◆ normal   病态的 ◆ 正常的
(记)path谐音 怕死 →怕死是一种病态的心理(哈,其实不是)

patina    [pAtinE]  n. 铜绿;薄层;光泽
(反)patina  ◆  essential quality   薄层光泽 ◆ 本质
patrician   n. 贵族,名门望族(a person of high birth·aristocrat)
(反)base ◆ patrician   底层社会 ◆ 贵族
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:父辈荣耀,所以成了名门望族

patriot    [pAtrIEt]  n. 爱国主义者(one who loves his or her country)
(类)patriot·country=partisan·course  
爱国者忠于国家=党徒忠于(某一政党的)路线(人及其目标)
(记)patri-表示“父”之义 联想:国就是父

patronize         [pAtrEnaIz]   vt. 资助,赞助,让人领情
(类)condescending·patronize=obsequious·fawn
使领情的·资助=谄媚的·奉承(形动同义)
patron·support=apologist·defend
赞助人·支援=辩护者·辩护(人物典型动作)
patronize·condescension=deride·mockery
资助·要人领情的态度=嘲弄·嘲笑(动名同义)
(例)experts in a field sometimes appear to patronize people who are less knowledgeable of the
subject.

paucity            [pC:sItI]  n. 少数,少量,缺乏(smallness of number:fewness)
(反)slew大量 plethora过剩 profusion丰富
(同)scarcity, insufficiency, poverty, scant, scarceness

paunchy   [`pR:ntFI]  dj. 大肚子的(having an enlarged or protruding abdomen)
(反)paunchy and awkward ◆ svelte   大腹便便的 ◆ 苗条的
pebble                [pebl]  n. 小鹅卵石(a small usually rounded stone)
(类)droplet·deluge=pebble·landslid   小滴·洪水=小卵石·山崩泥石(小与大)
                          
peccadillo          [pekEdIlEJ]  n.小过失(a slight offense)
(类)peccadillo·error/sin/offense=glitch·flaw   小过失·错误/罪孽/犯罪=小故障·缺陷(程度)
peccadillo·sin=admonishment·castigation    小过失·错误=警告·惩罚
peccadillo·offense=cameo·sculpture    小过失·错误=贝雕·雕塑 (种属)
peccadillo·offence=mishap·accident    小罪·犯罪=不幸·事故(种属)
(记)pecc 斑点 参考:peccable 易犯罪的 speck 斑点,少量

peck   [pek]  n. 轻吻
(类)peck·kiss=glance·look    轻吻·吻=一瞥·看(轻和正常)
(记)和speck 少量 一起记→少量的吻→轻吻

pedagogue   [pedE^R^]  n. 教师,教育者(a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher)
(类)pedagogue·indoctrinate=stickler·exacting
教育者·灌输=坚持者·严格苛求(人物典型行为)
pedant                [pedEnt]  n. 迂腐之人,书呆子,学究式人物
(类)pedant·learning=hack·writing   
学究·学习=雇佣文人·写作(人物典型行为)
pedantic·learned=moralistic·principled  
学究式的·有学问的=道学的·有原则的(褒贬对比)
scholarly·pedantic=modest·prudish (褒贬对比)   
儒雅的·书呆的=谦虚的·假装正经
pedantic·scholar=histrionic·actor   
学究的·学者=戏剧的·演员(人物典型属性)
(例)Her insistence that the book be memorized marked the teacher as a pedant rather than a
scholar.

pedestal    [pedistl]  n. 基架,底座,基础
(类)pedestal·statue=foundation·house   底座·雕像=地基·房子

predestine   [pridestin]  vt. 预定,注定
(反)predestine  ◆  leave to chance   注定 ◆ 顺其自然
(记)pre 预先+destine 本身是动词“注定”参考:destiny 命运
pedestrian           [pIdestrIEn]  adj.缺乏想像的,呆板的(commonplace;unimaginative)                          (反)imaginative 富于想象的   marvelous非凡的  inspired有灵感的   rarefied 稀少的
(同)dull,dreary, humdrum, monotone, plodding,stodgy

pediatrics   [7pi:diAtriks]  n. [医]小儿科
(类)pediatrics·children=dermatology·skin   小儿科·小孩=皮肤学·皮肤

peep   [pIp]  n. 瞥见,偷看(to look cautiously or slyly)小鸟的吱吱叫声
(类)peck·kiss=peep·sound   啄·亲吻=小鸟的吱吱叫声·声音(种属)
(记)我们熟悉的bp机最早叫peep

peer    [piE]  n. 同等的人;贵族vi.凝视;窥视 vt.与...同等;封为贵族
(反)peer ◆ a subordinate person  同辈 ◆ 下级者

peerless   [pIElIs]  adj. 出类拔萃的,无可匹敌的(matchless;imparable)
(反)peerlessness ◆ equality    出类拔萃 ◆ 同等
(同)matchless, unequaled, unique, unparagoned, unparalleled, unrivaled
peeve   [pi:v]  v. 使气恼,怨恨(to make peevish or resentful)       
(类)peeved·annoyed=patronizing·condescending
气恼的·恼怒的=恩人自居的·使领情的(同义)
peeved·annoy=saturated·wet   恼怒的·骚挠=湿透的·弄湿(行为及结果)
(反)placate ◆ peeve   安抚 ◆ 使气恼
peevish ◆ good-natured   易恼怒的 ◆ 好脾气的
(同)irritate,aggravate, exasperate, nettle, pique, provoke
基本上可以确定:peeved·annoyed/ patronizing·condescending 是同义关系
maudlin·sentimental是程度关系

pejorative   [pi:v]  adj.轻蔑的,贬低的(having negative connotations)
(反)pejorative ◆ laudatory   贬低的 ◆ 赞美的
(同)derogatory, depreciative, detracting
(记)pejor(谐音:披着)+rat(老鼠)联想:披着鼠皮的人→让人轻蔑的

pelf   [pelf]  n. 钱财(wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired)
(类)pelf·impecunious=experience·green   钱财·贫穷的=经验·无经验的(缺乏关系)
pellucid         [pIlju:sId]  adj.清晰的,易懂的(easy to understand)       
(类)pellucid·understand=venial·excuse   易懂的·明白=可宽恕的·原谅(因果关系)
(反)pellucid ◆ murky   清楚的 ◆ 不清楚的
【注:murky :Lacking clarity or distinctness】
(同)transparent, clear, limpid, see-through, translucent

pen        [pen]  n. 雌天鹅(a female swan)
(类)swan·pen=sheep·ewe   天鹅·雌天鹅=羊·母羊(种属)

penalty    [penEltI]  n. 刑罚,罚款,报应
(类)pardon·penalty=exempt·liability   原谅·处罚=免责·责任(消除)
(记)penal刑事的

penchant                [pentFEnt] n.强烈嗜好,倾向(a strong and continued inclination)
(反)penchant ◆ aversion/dislike爱好 ◆ 厌恶/讨厌
(同)disposition, inclination, predilection, predisposition
(记)谐音“盼唱”联想:盼着唱歌→强烈嗜好
penitent          [penItEnt]  adj. 悔过的(feeling or expressing regretful pain)
(类)penitent·obdurate=skeptic·credulous  悔过者·顽固的=怀疑者·轻信的
(反)impenitent ◆ contrite   不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的
(同)apologetic, contrite, penitential, regretful, repentant  参考:repent  v. 后悔,悔改
(例)when he realized the enormity of his crime, he became remorseful and penitent.

pensive    [pensIv]  adj. 沉思的,哀思的(musingly or dreamily thoughtful)
(类)lamentable·pensive=museful·ruminative   哀伤的·悲哀的=沉思的·沉思的(同义)
(同)meditative, pondering, reflecting, ruminative, speculative
(例)the pensive youth gazed at the painting for a long time and then sighed.

penury                [penjJrI]  n. 贫困,贫穷(severe poverty)       
(类)frugal·penurious=firm·obdurate   节俭的·吝啬的=坚定的·顽固的(褒贬)
(反)penury ◆ affluence   贫困 ◆ 富裕
penurious ◆ lavish/largesse   吝啬的 ◆ 非常大方的/慷慨的

perambulate   [pErAmbjuleit]  v. 巡行
(类)foot·perambulate=eye·observe   脚·巡行=眼睛·观察(器官及其功能)
perceptible        [pEseptIb(E)l]  adj. 可察觉的(capable of being perceived)
(类)perceptible·obvious=relevant·crucial          可察觉的·明显的=相关的·至关紧要的(程度)
(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible   可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的
(同)appreciable, detectable, discernible, observable, palpable, sensible, tangible

peremptory   [perEmptC:rI]  adj. 专横的(imperious or arrogant self-assurance)
(类)peremptory·fawn=parsimonious·spend   专横的不会奉承=吝啬的很少花费
peremptory·dispute=prohibitive·purchase
专横的·争辩=禁购的·购买(前者排斥、不容后者)
【注:prohibitive:tending to preclude use or purchase 禁购的,禁用的】
(反)peremptory ◆ open to challenge   不容反抗的 ◆ 接受挑战的

perfervid   [p\:`f\:vId]  adj.非常热心的(marked by overwrought emotion)
(反)perfervid ◆ impassive   非常热心的 ◆ 冷漠的
(同)ardent, blazing, burning, fervent, fiery, flaming

perfidy                [p\:fIdI] n. 不诚实(the quality or state of being faithless)
(类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty    过度的·适度的=背信的·忠诚的(褒贬对照)
(反)perfidy ◆ trustworthiness   不诚实 ◆ 可信赖
perfidious ◆ faithful/loyal    不诚实的 ◆ 忠实的/忠实的
perforate         [p\:fEreIt]   v. 打孔,穿透(to make a hole through)
(类)perforate·hole=pleat·fold   打孔·孔=打褶·褶皱 (行为及其作用结果)
(同)bore, drill, prick, punch, puncture

perfunctorily   adv. 敷衍地,潦草地(lacking in interest or enthusiasm)       
(类)perfunctorily·inspiration=insolently·veneration          敷衍难有灵感=傲漫难受尊敬
(例)the auditor's perfunctory inspection of the books overlooked many errors.

perimeter   [pErImItE]  n. 周长,周界(the boundary of a closed plane figure)
(类)circle·perimeter=country·border   圆·周界周长=国土·边界

periodical   [7piEriCdikEl]  adj. 周期的n. 期刊,杂志
(类)magazine·periodical=mystery·fiction   杂志属期刊=神秘故事属小说
       
peripatetic   [perIpEtetIk]  adj. 巡游的(moving or traveling from place to place)
(反)peripatetic ◆ rooted/ sedentary/ stationary    巡游的 ◆ 根深蒂固的/ 不迁徙的/固定的
(同)ambulant, itinerate, nomadic, perambulant, roving, vagabond
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